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Jul 18| HISTORY “4” “2”DAY
|Jul 20 >>
Events, deaths, births, of JUL 19 [For Jul 19 Julian go to Gregorian date: 1583~1699: Jul 29 — 1700s: Jul 30 — 1800s: Jul 31 — 1900~2099: Aug 01] |
| 2002 Doctor found to have murdered
215+ patients top
The chairman of an inquiry panel states that its 09 July 2002 interim 2000-page report reveals that British family physician Harold Fredrick Shipman murdered certainly 215 of his patients, and probably up to 83 more, in 23 years as a trusted small-town practitioner, motive unknown. In only one case was there evidence that he killed for money. Shipman, 56, was convicted on 31 January 2000 of murdering 15 of his patients — all elderly women — by injecting them with heroin, and of forging one will. He is already serving 15 life sentences with no possibility of parole, making any further trial futile, as the UK does not have the death sentence. Shipman maintained his innocence.He was liked and admired by those who new him in Hyde, a small community in northern England. The yearlong inquiry has investigated the deaths of 494 of Shipman's patients between 1974 and 1998. It found that at least 215 of them were killed by Shipman, most of them by lethal injection. The true number is far greater and cannot be estimated. In 45 more cases there was strong but inconclusive evidence that Shipman had killed the victims. Investigators found too little evidence to determine if the deaths of 38 others were natural or not. Shipman began his killing spree in March 1975, a year after he entered practice, with Mrs. Eva Lyons, who was suffering from terminal cancer and was in great pain. Shipman deliberately hastened her death by the administration of an excessive dose of strong opiate, probably morphine or diamorphine. His proven victims, ranging in age from 41 (Peter Lewis, 02 Jan 1985) to 93 (Miss Ann Cooper, 15 Feb 1988), included 171 women and 44 men. In a minority of the cases the killings might be considered euthanasia (which is illegal even if requested by the victim). Shipman's last murder was that of Mrs. Kathleen Grundy, on 24 June 1998. For more than 20 years Shipman was a respected member of the community in Hyde, a working-class town of 22'000 just outside Manchester in northwest England. In 1992, he set up a practice in the town. Between then and 1998 he killed certainly 143 persons, according to the report. But his activities did not arouse suspicion until March 1998, when another doctor, who had been asked by Shipman to cosign some cremation certificates, expressed concern at the number of deaths. Police concluded there wasn't enough evidence to pursue charges. The investigation was reopened months later after the daughter of an 81-year-old widow discovered that her mother apparently had changed her will to leave everything to Shipman. That led to exhumations and eventually to Shipman's trial and conviction. A jury found that he deliberately injected heroin into 15 elderly women -- many in good health -- during routine checkups in their homes or at his office, falsifying computer records to create fictitious symptoms to explain their deaths. The inquiry will now consider how Shipman was able to escape detection for so long and what safeguards could prevent such a crime from happening again.Its final report is due late in 2003. — In alphabetical order, the first victim seems to be Mrs. Lizzie Adams, who died on 28 February 1997 at the age of 77; and the last one Mrs Joyce Woodhead who died on 23 February 1997 at the age of 74. |
2001 The prime minister of Nepal, Girija Prasad Koirala, 76 [photo >],
hands his resignation to King Gyanendra. Koirala's most recent 15-month
term was beset by a bribery scandal involving the national airline's
lease of a plane, increasing attacks by Maoists guerrillas, and fighting
for a communist republic, and the 01 June 2001 massacre of the royal
family by Crown Prince Dipendra. Koirala's government was blamed, both
because soldiers assigned to protect the king and queen failed to do
so, and because of the belated, piecemeal way in which the official version
came out.2001 In England, best-selling novelist and disgraced former Conservative politician Lord Jeffrey Archer of Weston-Super-Mare, 61, is convicted and sentenced to four years in prison on four counts of perjury and obstructing justice in his 1987 suit against the Daily Star tabloid newspaper that reported he'd hired prostitute Monica Coghlan (she was killed on 27 April 2001 when she was struck by a stolen car driven by a fleeing robbery suspect in northwestern England). Archer was elected to the House of Commons at age 29 in 1969, but within five years was forced to resign after bad investments drove him to bankruptcy. That experience inspired his first book, Not a Penny More, Not a Penny Less. His third novel, Kane & Abel made him a multi-millionaire. He also wrote To Cut a Long Story Short, A Twist in the Tale, The Eleventh Commandment, The Prodigal Daughter, As the Crow Flies, A Matter of Honor, Shall We Tell the President?, First Among Equals, The Fourth Estate, Honor Among Thieves, A Quiver Full of Arrows, and the play The Accused. 2001 Gray and white Muffy the cat escapes from its cage in a Providence RI baggage room, darts down the tarmac and claws its way up into a Continental Airlines MD-80 jet wheel well, forcing 82 passengers off the plane bound to Newark, N.J. After eight hours of trying to coax and tempt the cat down, maintenance crews remove panels on the bottom of the wing, near its seam with the body, to pull Muffy out. 2000 President Clinton shuttled between Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and his own experts during peace talks at Camp David after delaying his departure for an economic summit in Japan. 1996 A US Food and Drug Administration advisory committee recommended, with some conditions, that the abortion-inducing drug RU-486 be approved. Bosnian Serb official Radovan Karadzic yielded to international pressure to give up all political power. |
| 1995 End of IBM's antitrust
restrictions top
The Justice Department says it favors releasing IBM from antitrust restrictions imposed in 1956, which had limited the company's ability to compete in the personal computer industry. In a court filing, the Justice Department says the consent decree no longer promotes the public interest in competition. The department indicaten that it would be willing to lift restrictions on IBM's service, personal computer, and workstation businesses. Restrictions would remain on mainframes, an area where IBM still dominated. |
| 1994 CompuServe's bimonthly
CD-ROM top CompuServe offers its subscribers CD-ROMs, including album and movie previews. The company planned to sell the disk for $7.95 every other month. At the time, CD-ROMs were not yet standard issue on personal computers: The company estimated about one-third of its two million subscribers owned a CD-ROM drive at the time. In 1994 and 1995, interest in CD-ROMs as delivery devices for multimedia content grew; however, with the increased popularity of the Web in the late 1990s, many companies cut back their investment in CD-ROM publishing. |
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1991 The apartheid South African government acknowledged that
it had been giving money to the Inkatha Freedom Party, the main rival
of the African National Congress. President Bush toured the Souda Bay
U.S. naval base during a visit to Greece. 1987 El partido socialdemócrata de Cavaco Silva vence en las elecciones legislativas de Portugal. 1985 Christa McAuliffe of New Hampshire was chosen to be the first schoolteacher to ride aboard the space shuttle. (McAuliffe and six other crew members died when the "Challenger" exploded shortly after liftoff.) 1984 Geraldine A Ferraro, (Rep-D-NY), won Democratic VP nomination 1980 Inauguración de los Juegos Olímpicos de Moscú. 59 países secundan el boicot preconizado por Estados Unidos. 1979 Nicaragua Liberation Day; Managua fell to Sandinista guerrillas, two days after President Anastasio Somoza had fled the country.
1974 The US House of Representatives Judiciary Committee recommends that President Richard Nixon should stand trial in the Senate for any of the five impeachment charges against him. 1974 El dictador Francisco Franco ha de ser hospitalizado y el príncipe don Juan Carlos asume provisionalmente la Jefatura del Estado español.
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1969 Apollo 11 and its astronauts, Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz"
Aldrin and Michael Collins, went into orbit around the moon.
1966 Gov James Rhodes declares state of emergency in Cleveland (race riot)
1949 Laos becomes an associated state within French Union.
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| 1942 German U-boats are withdrawn from positions off the U.S.
Atlantic coast due to effective US anti-submarine countermeasures. 1941 President Roosevelt appointed FEP Committee 1941 British Prime Minister Winston Churchill launched his "V for Victory" campaign in Europe. 1936 El general Franco llega a Tetuán y se pone al frente del sublevado Ejército español de Marruecos. Formación del decimonoveno gobierno republicano, presidido por José Giral, que decide armar al pueblo. 1918 German armies retreat across Marne River in France (WW I)
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1870 France declares war on Prussia; the Franco-Prussian war
begins 1863 Engagement at Buffington Island on the Ohio River 1863 Siege of Fort Wagner, Charleston Harbor, South Carolina continues
1849 Se promulga una ley para incorporar a España al intento internacional de establecer el Sistema Métrico Decimal.
1816 Survivors of French frigate Medusa rescued off Senegal after 17 days 1808 Guerra de la Independencia española. Batalla de Bailén (Jaén), en la que las tropas napoleónicas de Dupont sufren su primera derrota ante las españolas de Castaños. |
 1799
Rosetta Stone discovered top
During French General Napoleon Bonaparte's Egyptian campaign, a group of his soldiers discovered near the town of Rosetta, north of Alexandria, a black basalt slab, 100cm high by 70cm wide by 30cm deep, inscribed with ancient writing. Experts eventually determined that the "Rosetta Stone," as it became known, was inscribed by priests of Ptolemy V with an identical text in Egyptian hieroglyphic (at the top), demotic (in the middle), and Greek (at the bottom), thus holding the key to solving the riddle of hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics, one of the most unique form of written language, were used by the Ancient Egyptians from 3000 B.C. to within a few hundred years of the birth of Christ. In hieroglyphics, conventionalized pictures are used to represent meanings that seem arbitrary and are seldom obvious, and the writing thus remained a mystery to modern archaeologists and linguistics until 1799, when the key to deciphering the dead written language was discovered near Rosetta, Egypt. In 1801, the British took the Rosetta Stone from the French, and a Swedish diplomat, Johan David Akerblad, made some progress in identifying some of the phonetic letters in the cursive text. Later, the British Egyptologist Thomas Young went further, and identified some of the proper names. However, it was not until the work of the French Egyptologist Jean-François Champollion in 1821 that the two Egyptian scripts, the hieroglyphic and demotic, were recognized as belonging to the same spoken language. With his knowledge of demotic, Champollion was able to decipher the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone and thus other archaeological items, and Ancient Egypt was open to scientists as never before. Part of the writing on the stone, translated into English: ...whereas king PTOLEMY THE EVER-LIVING, THE BELOVED OF PTAH, THE GOD EPIPHANES EUCHARISTO, the son of King Ptolemy and Queen Arsinoe, the Gods Philopatores, has been a benefactor both to the temples and to those who dwell in them, as well as those who are his subjects, being a god sprung from a god and goddess (like Horus the son of lsis and Osiris, who avenged his father Osiris) and being benevolently disposed towards the gods, has dedicated to the temples revenues in money and wheat and has undertaken much outlay to bring Egypt into prosperity, and to establish the temples, and has been generous with all his own means; and of the revenues and taxes levied in Egypt some he has wholly remitted and others has lightened, in order that the people and the others might be in prosperity during his reign: and whereas he has remitted the debts to the crown being many in number which they in Egypt and in the rest of the kingdom owed: and whereas those who were in prison and those who were under accusation for a long time, he has freed of the charges against them; and whereas he has directed that the gods shall continue to enjoy the revenues of the temples and the yearly allowances given to them, both of wheat and money, likewise also the revenues assigned to the gods from vine land and from gardens and other properties which belonged to the gods in his father's time... |
1788 Prices plunge on the Paris stock market.
1545 King Henry VIII of England watches his flagship, Mary Rose, capsize as it leaves to battle the French. 1525 The Catholic princes of Germany form the Dessau League to fight against the Reformation. 1195 Las tropas del rey castellano Alfonso VIII son derrotadas en la batalla de Alarcos por el ejército del emir almohade Abu Yaqub al-Mansur. 1068 En la Llantada, Sancho II de Castilla derrota a su hermano Alfonso VI de León en un juicio de Dios para decidir quién ocupa ambos reinos; sin embargo, Alfonso no acepta el resultado del combate y continúa las hostilidades. 0532 Start of Dionysian Pascal Cycle 1321 -BC- origin of Era of Menophres |
 Deaths
which occurred on a July 19: top
2002 Aleksandr I. Ginzburg, 65 [< photo], in Paris, poet and human rights activist in the Soviet Union, who was repeatedly imprisoned until exchanged to the US in 1979 for two convicted spies. 2001 Mohammed Salameh Etnizi, 22, Mohammed Hilmy Etnizi, 20, and 3-month-old Amira Wael Etnizi, Palestinians shot by members of the “Road Safety Group”, identified with Kach, an outlaw extremist Jewish organization. Israeli settlers opened fire on the Palestinian car near the Palestinian village of Idna, west of Hebron, killing the three and wounding four. The murderers' car ran an Israeli army roadblock nearby and escaped into Israel after the shooting. 1989 112 people, as a United Air Lines Flight 232, a DC-10, crashes at 16:00 while making an emergency landing at Sioux City, Iowa; 184 other people survived. [Last communications with the tower and comments by the surviving pilot]. 1989 Dos jefes del Cuerpo de Intendencia del Ejército de Tierra de España, asesinados a tiros en las proximidades del Gobierno Militar de Madrid, por un comando de Euzkadi Ta Askatasuna. 1981 José María Pemán, escritor español. 1965 Syngman Rhee, político y presidente surcoreano. 1957 Curzio Malaparte, escritor italiano. 1929 Fausto Zonaro, Italian artist born on 18 September 1854. 1907 Theodor Pixis, German artist born on 01 July 1831. 1886 José Joaquim Verde, poeta portugués. 1878 Zolotarev, mathematician who produced fundamental work on analysis and number theory. 1824 Agustín de Iturbide, el depuesto emperador de México, fusilado, tras volver a su país del destierro con intención de hacerse con el poder. 1817 Jean-Antoine-Théodore Giroust, French artist born on 10 November 1753. 1664 Egbert Lievensz van der Poel, Dutch painter born on 09 March 1621. — LINKS 1545 Some 470 as Royal Navy HMS Mary Rose rolls over and sinks during battle of the Solent 1692 Five Massachusetts women are hanged for witchcraft. Fifteen young girls in the Salem community charged as many as 150 citizens in the area with witchcraft during the greater part of this year. 1510 38 Jews, burned at the stake, in Berlin, Prussia
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Births which occurred on
a July 19: top
1898 Herbert Marcuse Berlin, communist philosopher (One-Dimensional Man) 1896 A.J. Cronin England, author (Citadel, Shining Victory) 1894 Khinchin, mathematician. 1879 Alfred Justitz, Czech German artist who died in 1934. 1865 Charles Horace Mayo surgeon, cofounded Mayo Clinic 1860 Lizzie Borden murderer, gave her mother forty whacks 1838 Jose Manuel Balmaceda, político chileno 1834 Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas, French impressionist painter who died on 26 September 1917. — MORE ON DEGAS AT ART “4” JULY — LINKS — L'impresario — Portrait d'un Homme — Self-Portrait — Henri de Gas and his Niece Lucy — Dancing Class — Dancing Class — Rehearsal — The Rehearsal — Dance Lesson — Posing — Dancers — Rehearsing — Ballet Rehearsal — The Curtain — Ballet Rehearsal — Singers on Stage — Dancer on Stage — Ballet Dancers in the Wings — The Star — Orchestra of the Opera — Concert — Cirque Fernando — Four Dancers — Dancers in Pink — The Dance Examination — Woman Ironing about — Millinery Shop — Woman with a Hat — Race Horses — Chevaux a Longchamp — Racehorses in Front of the Grandstand — Aux Courses en Province — La famille Belleli — Morning Bath — Bathing — Woman Bathing — Woman Getting out of the Bath — Girl Drying Herself — After the Bath — Another After the Bath — Combing Hair — Women Relaxing — Madame Camus — Roman Beggar Woman — Women in a Cafe — Michel Levy — Cup of Chocolate — Young Spartans — David & Goliath — The Rape — In a New Orleans Cotton Office — In a Café (The Absinthe Drinker) — At the Beach — Marguerite de Gas, the Artist's Sister — Achille de Gas in the Uniform of a Cadet — Hilaire de Gas, Grandfather of the Artist — Spartan Girls Challenging Boys — The Suffering of the City of New Orleans.— Courtyard of a House in New Orleans. — Portraits in a New Orleans Cotton office — Race Horses — Carriage at the Races — Dance Class.— Dancing Examination — The Star 1827 Johann Till, Austrian artist who died on 21 November 1894. 1817 Briot, mathematician 1814 Samuel Colt, inventor of the first practical revolver. 1803 Ramón de Mesonero Romanos, escritor español. 1792 Polydore Roux, French artist who died on 12 April 1833. 1789 John Martin, British painter who died on 17 February 1854. — MORE ON MARTIN AT ART “4” JULY — LINKS — The Assuaging of the Waters — Manfred and the Witch of the Alps — The Great Day of His Wrath — 53 prints at FAMSF — The Bard _ The subject comes from Thomas Gray's poem The Bard
1636 Jean-Baptiste Monnoyer, Franco-Flemish flower-painter who died on 16 February 1699. — MORE ON MONNOYER AT ART “4” JULY — LINKS — Flowers — other Flowers — Still-Life of Flowers and Fruits |
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